A capable young person may work diligently, gain good qualifications and still encounter a quieter obstacle: other candidates already understand the codes of the room. They know how to speak to senior people, where opportunities are advertised, which unpaid experience carries weight, and whom to call for advice. This is where the argument about meritocracy versus inherited privilege becomes more serious than a debate about titles, wealth or envy. It concerns the conditions under which ability is noticed, trusted and rewarded.
Britain likes the idea that effort can carry a person far. There is truth in it. Many people have built successful careers without family money, private schooling or useful connections. Yet individual examples, however admirable, do not settle the wider question. A system can permit exceptional mobility while still making the route markedly easier for those born close to influence.